Cholesterol is a wax-like substance that is present in
the cell membranes of body tissues and is carried in the blood plasma. It is a
sterol; a combination of alcohol and steroid and is also called atherosclerotic
plaque. The body requires cholesterol in order to form and sustain cell
membranes, help with the production of bile and aid the metabolism of fat
soluble vitamins.
Over time, cholesterol builds up on the artery walls and
this condition is known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was thought to be
an affliction of the elderly until the 1950’s when American pathologists were
sent to Korea by the Pentagon to study the bodies of servicemen who died during
the conflict. They autopsied around 2000 soldiers and found that approximately
75% had waxy, yellow deposits on the walls of their arteries; a shocking
statistic considering the average age of the soldiers was 21. Their findings
astonished the scientific community as it highlighted the onset of heart
disease in the very young.
LDL
and HDL Cholesterol
There are two different types of cholesterol;
low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). HDL is
commonly known as ‘good’ cholesterol and LDL is recognised as ‘bad’
cholesterol. LDL has been markedly linked with heart disease, whereas HDL is
thought to reduce the chance of a heart attack. It has been estimated that
approximately 25% of Americans are at risk from heart disease due to
atherosclerosis, and around 10% have such high levels that doctors are left no
choice than to prescribe cholesterol reducing drugs.
Foods
that Lower LDL Cholesterol
There are a number of foods which are believed to
significantly lower LDL cholesterol. Fiber-rich foods are said to be
particularly beneficial and will not only lower ‘bad’ cholesterol, but also
help the bowel to function properly, lowering the risk of colon and bowel
cancer. There are many other foods that can help the body fight back against
these dangerous deposits.
Fiber-rich foods, particularly oat bran, barley and
wheat bran can be eaten as a cereal for breakfast and sprinkled onto other
foods. Pearl barley can be added to soups. Apples and pears also have
considerable amounts of soluble fiber and should be enjoyed on a daily basis.
Beans and pulses are high in fiber and low-fat. They
also contain lecithin, a nutrient that lowers cholesterol. Try to incorporate
kidney, fava, borlotti and other dried whole-foods into your diet; there are
many different types of lentils and pulses that are delicious in soups and
stews.
Avocado contains prolific amounts of monounsaturated
fat, which helps to reduce LDL cholesterol and has many other health benefits
including anti-cancer properties.
Raw carrots are rich in a fiber called pectin that is
renowned for minimizing cholesterol. There are a number of fruits that also
contain pectin, including; apples, citrus fruits, strawberries, raspberries and
other red or black berries.
Shitake mushrooms are widely used by the Japanese and
include a compound called lentinan, which not only lowers cholesterol, but is
also thought to be anti-cancerous and may help to boost the immune system.
Garlic is a super food and is well known for its
blood-thinning properties. It also contains a substance allicin which is
thought to prevent the body retaining LDL cholesterol and research has shown
that the equivalent of one clove per day can lessen ‘bad’ cholesterol by 10-15%
in the majority of people.
Root ginger has been used in Chinese medicine for
centuries and has numerous health benefits. It can be added to stir-fry’s
(using healthy sesame oil) and other vegetable dishes.
Nuts are naturally high in omega-3 fatty acids and are
known to significantly reduce blood cholesterol; walnuts, pecans, hazelnuts and
almonds are especially beneficial.
Sesame seeds are rich in phytosterols. These compounds
are said to substantially lessen LDL cholesterol. Other foods containing
phytosterols include; celery, lettuce, asparagus, spinach, tomatoes, ginger,
squash and strawberries.
Safflower, canola, soybean, and olive oil are monounsaturated
and are an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids. Research indicates that
they can decrease atherosclerotic plaque by up to 15% when eaten regularly.
Salmon, tuna, sardines and mackerel contain considerable
amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, which have many health benefits and are
essential for brain and eye function.
Prunes are a wonderful source of antioxidants and fiber,
which is known to reduce LDL cholesterol.
Alfalfa sprouts contain a substance called saponin,
which is thought to obstruct and inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic
plaque in the arteries.
If you have high cholesterol or a family tendency
towards atherosclerosis it is best to avoid processed and prepared foods, fried
food, food containing animal fats or animal products, high-fat dairy products
and food containing either saturated fat or trans fats. Research has revealed
the key to lowering LDL cholesterol is a healthy, balanced diet that
incorporates plenty of soluble fiber and at least five portions of fruit or
vegetables a day. This combined with regular cardiovascular exercise should
help keep the heart healthy and provide numerous other health benefits as well.
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